Hi John,
It's the easiest to accustom a puppy to a leash before they are 12 weeks of age. After that, they naturally resist any leash work - is also part of the first real "fear period" that puppies do go through.
Do you do "tummy-side up" with your puppy? This is holding the puppy firmly in your arms against your chest with the tummy exposed. With a larger breed such as a lab, sit on the floor, have the pup's pelvis between your legs and hold the pup around the chest.Hold the pup until he relaxes - do not release him until he quits struggling. I teach new owners to do this a minimum of two to three times a day for 5 to 10 minutes at a time. This will do two things - develop trust between the pup and you and also get the pup used to restraint. This is imperative to do. There may be times in the pup's life when he has to be restrained (e.g. at the veterinarians etc.). Learning to do this will help any future problems.
The tummy-side up will also help to translate into the leash work as he'll be able to translate the restraining feeling around his neck (which he is objecting to) to being "o.k." being held in your arms.
I'd also teach "watch me" - to get the pup's focus. If you don't have their attention, you can't get through to them!
Absolutely, do your work with the leash inside before going out into different areas. And certainly use the "lure" method of having the puppy follow a treat in your hand. (Ian Dunbar teaches this brilliantly in his Sirius Puppy Classes.) I teach this to many different breeds of pups at my kennel club's puppy classes - is a fabulous foundation for a lot of different behaviors. For more information on puppy training etc. go to my website of
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